This analysis delves into Ghana's earnings from mineral royalties since 2011, providing insights into a key sector of the Ghanaian economy.

Ghana has mined gold since colonial times, yet the long-promised transformation from gold to diamonds and then to oil has not delivered the kind of structural economic shift many expected.

A recurring question is what Ghana has truly gained from its mineral wealth and why those resources have not been leveraged to accelerate development.

Other resource rich economies such as Canada, Australia, Botswana and South Africa appear to have extracted more tangible and lasting benefits from their natural resources than Ghana has.

Paradoxically, Ghana’s mining fiscal regime is among the most elaborate globally.